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Lesson 1
Macroeconomics Module 1
A World of Scarce Resources
• Economics Defined
• Importance of Studying Economics
• Microeconomics versus Macroeconomics
• Using Theories and Models to Understand Economics
• Overview of Economic Systems
• Individual Choices and Budget Constraints
• Production Possibilities Frontier
• Social Choices
• Objections to the Economic Approach
Macroeconomics Module 2
Supply, Demand, Labor, and Markets
• Market Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium
• Shifts in Demand and Supply for Goods and Services
• Four-Step Process for Equilibrium Changes
• Price Ceilings
• Price Floors
• Demand, Supply, and Efficiency
• Labor Market Demand and Supply
• Financial Market Demand and Supply
• Market System as an Efficient Mechanism for Information
Macroeconomics Module 3
Elasticity and the Macroeconomic Perspective
• Price Elasticity of Demand
• Price Elasticity of Supply
• Polar Cases of Elasticity
• Constant Elasticity
• Elasticity and Pricing
• Elasticity in Other Areas
• Gross Domestic Product
• Adjusting Nominal Values to Real Values
• Tracking Real GDP over Time
• Comparing GDP among Countries
• How GDP Measures the Well-Being of Society
Macroeconomics Module 4
Growth and Unemployment
• Recent Arrival of Economic Growth
• Labor Productivity and Economic Growth
• Components of Economic Growth
• Economic Convergence
• Defining Unemployment
• Measuring Unemployment
• Patterns of Unemployment
• Causes of Short-Term Unemployment Changes
• Causes of Long-Term Unemployment Changes
Macroeconomics Module 5
Inflation, International Trade, and Capital Flows
• Tracking Inflation
• Measuring Cost of Living Changes
• How Countries Experience Inflation
• Confusion Over Inflation
• Indexing and Its Limitations
• Measuring Trade Balances
• Historical Context of Trade Balances
• International Context of Trade Balances
• Trade Balances and Flows of Financial Capital
• National Saving and Investment Identity
• Pros and Cons of Trade Deficit and Surplus
• Level of Trade versus Trade Balance
Macroeconomics Module 6
Aggregate Supply-Demand and Keynesian Models
• Macroeconomic Demand-Supply Perspectives
• Building an Aggregate Demand-Supply Model
• Aggregate Supply Shifts
• Aggregate Demand Shifts
• Incorporating Growth, Unemployment, and Inflation into the Model
• Keynes’ Law and the Aggregate Demand-Supply Model
• Say’s Law and the Aggregate Demand-Supply Model
• Aggregate Demand in Keynesian Analysis
• The Building Blocks of Keynesian Analysis
• The Phillips Curve
• The Keynesian Perspective on Market Forces
Macroeconomics Module 7
Neoclassical Economics, Banking, and Monetary Policy
• Neoclassical Analysis
• Neoclassical Perspective Policy Implications
• Keynesian versus Neoclassical Models
• Defining Money by Its Functions
• Currency, M1, and M2 Measures of Money
• Role of Banks
• How Banks Create Money
• Federal Reserve Banking System
• Central Banks and Monetary Policy
• Bank Regulation
• Monetary Policy and Economic Outcomes
• Monetary Policy Pitfalls
Macroeconomics Module 8
International Capital Flow and Government Policy
• Foreign Exchange Markets
• Foreign Exchange Markets Demand-Supply Shifts
• Macroeconomic Effects of Exchange Rates
• Exchange Rate Policies
• Government Spending
• Taxation
• Federal Deficits
• National Debt
• Fighting Recession, Unemployment, and Inflation with Fiscal Policy
• Automatic Stabilizers
• Discretionary Fiscal Policy Problems
• Do We Need a Balanced Budget?
Macroeconomics Module 9
Government Debt and Worldwide Macroeconomic Policy
• Impact of Government Borrowing on Investment and Trade
• Fiscal Policy, Investment, and Growth
• Government Borrowing Impact on Private Saving
• Fiscal Policy and Trade Balance
• Worldwide Economic Diversity
• Improving Worldwide Standards of Living
• Causes of Worldwide Unemployment
• Causes of Worldwide Inflation
• Balance of Trade Concerns
Macroeconomics Module 10
International Trade, Globalization, and Protectionism
• Absolute Advantage
• Comparative Advantage
• Intra-industry Trade between Similar Economies
• Benefits of Reducing International Trade Barriers
• Protectionism
• Effects of International Trade on Jobs, Wages, and Working Conditions
• Arguments for Restricting Imports
• How Trade Policy Is Enacted
• Tradeoffs of Trade Policy
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